US-Saudi Investment Forum 19. November 2025 Musk diskutiert mit NVIDIAs Jensen Huang beim US-Saudi-Investitionsforum in Washington über die Zukunft der Technologie, KI-Rechenleistung, Robotik und Raumfahrt.
Musk diskutiert mit NVIDIAs Jensen Huang beim US-Saudi-Investitionsforum in Washington über die Zukunft der Technologie, KI-Rechenleistung, Robotik und Raumfahrt.
Transkript Moderator
But right now we're here to celebrate a historic moment. A moment that yesterday during the dinner and thank you for joining us under the patronage of the honorable President and his Royal Highness the Crown Prince Mossaidi, where we had the pleasure to hear firsthand, this is the greatest alliance between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States, where we have joined hands and you have helped us build our energy based economy fueling and energizing the industrial age. And now fast forward going to the intelligence age where we can fuel AI factories, robotics, AVs and all of the rest. Speaking of that, let's start with you, Elon, if you don't mind, Jensen, feel free to chime in. You have a big fascination of something all of us have admired, first order thinking, which Jensen sometimes calls first order scaling, which is an opportunity for how you have dropped the cost of batteries from a thousand per kilowatt hour to sub hundred bucks. And right now you're doing the same thing with robotics for actuators with servo rotors and motors. So I want to hear from you, how do you manage to always disrupt every single industry with that thinking?
Elon Musk
Well, it's mostly not disruption, it's creation. So with say SpaceX, with reusable rockets, there really weren't any reusable rockets. But the essence of getting, of revolutionizing space travel is reusability. If you throw the rocket away every time, the cost of access to space is extremely high. With respect to electric cars, there weren't any electric cars when we started making them. Really, you couldn't buy any to the best of my knowledge. So with Tesla, we wanted to make electric cars compelling and affordable. That was the goal. With respect to humanoid robotics, there are no useful humanoid robotic robots at this point. There are sort of gimmicks, but there are no actually useful humanoid robots. And I think Tesla is going to make the first actually useful humanoid robots. And this will be quite a revolution. And I think something that will, that everyone will want. Because I always think of like, who wouldn't want their own personal C3PO? R2D2. Oh yeah, of course everyone would want one, right? And then there would be many in industry providing products and services. This is why I say that humanoid robots will be the biggest industry or the biggest product ever, bigger than cell phones or anything else, because everyone's going to want one or maybe more than one. And there'll be many in industry.
Jensen Huang
I just want R2D2 in C3PO's body.
Elon Musk
Yeah, there you go. Well, I mean a humanoid robot would be better than R2D2 and C3VO combined times 10. Yeah. So the, and you know people often talk about sort of eliminating poverty and that kind of thing, but really the. How long have they been talking about that? There's lots of Talk, lots of NGOs sort of trying to do these things, but really not succeeding. And the evidence speaks for itself. But AI and humanoid robots will actually eliminate poverty and Tesla won't be the only one that makes them. I think Tesla will pioneer this, but there will be many other companies that make humanoid robots. But there is only basically one way to make everyone wealthy and that is AI and robotics.
Moderator
And we can't talk about robotics without AI factories. And yesterday was such a historic day for the two nations, but also for all of us where we celebrate the AI strategic partnership with the US Signed witnessed by the honorable President and His Royal Highness about how we are committing our capital energy land to energize the AI US ecosystem to be able to build inference node training nodes and to be the most AI enabled nation. With that announcement, tell me what's, what's next in AI factories? Jensen There's a, there's a beautiful story
Jensen Huang
about how Saudi Arabia is building AI refineries now building AI factor oil refineries to AI factors.
Jensen Huang
I, you know, I've said that AI is an infrastructure and the reason for that, of course we understand AI from the perspective of the technology and how it's revolutionizing every industry. Digital intelligence of course has applications into every, every field and so it's going to be used by every company, every industry, every country. In that way it's foundational and therefore it's part of infrastructure. What is new about AI from a computer science perspective is that the way computing was done in the past was largely retrieval based computing. Somebody typed in a story or somebody created a piece of art, or came up with four versions of a digital ad, or it's all pre built by somebody which is then using a system to retrieve the appropriate version for you. It's a retrieval based computing model. Hadoop and many of the frameworks and operating systems of the past, all designed to retrieve the appropriate information for you. But today software is going to be generated in real time. It's generative, based on the context, based on the circumstance, based on who you are, based on the problem you asked, based on your prompt, it will generate unique content for you every single time. For everybody it's unique. When you use Grok, every time you use it is different, right? Based on the prompt that you give it and based on the circumstance. And so therefore it used to be retrieval based, today it's generative. And if it's generative and every time is different, then you need AI factories all over the world to generate the content in real time, which is the reason why you need AI factories. And this is a unique way of doing computation. But the benefit of course, is that everything isn't preconceived and pre documented and it's contextually sensible and therefore intelligent.
Moderator
So AI factories and robotics, and we heard it yesterday from his Royal Highness, his vision how to augment our workforce with roughly tens of millions of robotics to be able to infuse the next wave of productivity and progress. But this scares a lot of folks here when it comes to the future of jobs. And so let's hear about your thoughts, Elon and Jensen, on that.
Elon Musk
Well, if you say like in the long term, where will things end up? Long term? I don't know what long term is. Maybe it's 10, 20 years, something like that. For me, that's long term. My prediction is that work will be optional. Optional, optional. So we'll take that. Yeah, I mean it'll be like playing sports or a video game or something like that. If you want to work, you know, in the same way, like you can, you can go to the store and just buy some vegetables or you could grow vegetables in your backyard. It's much harder to grow vegetables in your backyard. But some people still do it because they like growing, growing vegetables. That will be what work is like, optional. And between now and then, there's actually a lot of work to get to that point. And I always recommend people read, read Yen Bank's culture books to get a sense for what a probable positive AI future is like. And interestingly, in those books, money is no longer doesn't exist. It's kind of interesting. And I, my guess is in if you go out long enough, assuming there's a continued improvement in AI and robotics, which seems likely, the money will stop being relevant at some point in the future. Now there will still be constraints on power, like electricity and mass. The fundamental physics elements will still be constraints, but I think at some point currency becomes irrelevant.
Moderator
Jensen, any thoughts?
Elon Musk
By the way, the Nvidia earnings call is later today.
Jensen Huang
And by the way, since currency is rolling.
Jensen Huang
Elon just wants to share with you some breaking news. The two of us who like to share some breaking news. Let's see, I would say there's different horizons. You could look at everybody's jobs will be different, I think that's for sure. How the students learn will be different, how people do their work will be different, obviously, because a lot of the things that we do mundanely or arduously or very difficultly are going to be done very simply. And so we're going to be more productive from that sense. One of the things that I will say is that for most people or company, if your life becomes more productive and if the things that you're doing with great difficulty become simpler, it is very likely because you have so many ideas, you'll have more time to go pursue things. It is my guess that Elon will be busier as a result of AI. I'm going to be busier as a result of AI. And the reason for that is because we have so many ideas we want to pursue, so many things that we still have in our backlog inside our company that we can go pursue. If we were more productive, we can get to those things faster. And so in the near term, I would say that there is every evidence that we will be more productive and yet still be busier because we have so many ideas. One thing that I will say, give you some evidence is that, and I was just telling Elon about this earlier, radiology, for example, has largely been converted to AI driven radiology. And there's some really great companies doing that. And the surprising thing is the prediction that all radiologists would be the first jobs to go was exactly the opposite. The trend shows that there are more radiologists being hired now as a result of AI. And the reason for that, if you take a step back, it's because the goal of a radiologist is not to study the images. The goal of a radiologist is to diagnose a disease. Now the studying of the images became so productive and they could study more images, study more modalities, spend more time with the patients, and as a result, they were actually accepting more patients. We're doing more radiology all around the world. We're doing a better job with diagnosing disease. And so that's kind of the near term outcome of AI and productivity. And we'll see what happens long term when currency doesn't matter anymore. Just, you know, let me know right before.
Elon Musk
You'll see it coming. You'll see it coming.
Jensen Huang
We text often, so just. Yeah, we do. Yeah, just text it off. Yeah, let me know.
Moderator
I kind of agree with both of you. Because if you look at every technological trend, every general purpose technology has been net new positive for the globe for Humanity and so forth. And let me share with you two.
Jensen Huang
Can I say, your excellency, I think it's precisely the reason, the reason for that is because all the great ideas from. From innovators like Elon, you have so many good ideas that.
Moderator
And Jensen as well.
Jensen Huang
Yeah, well, yeah. Thank you.
Moderator
So let me share with you two stories from two Saudi innovators in collaboration with a lot of great. The great work that Nvidia does, that GROK does. One is. All right, let's say that again. What is Professor Omariagi,
Elon Musk
it might need to. Might need to move the mic
Jensen Huang
Come on, we'll share this one. Get close.
Moderator
Let's try this one more time. So one of them is Professor Omar Yagi, who's the first American Saudi to. To win a Nobel Prize in creating new chemistry. And the way he has done that, he has leveraged your AI accelerators and models like Groq to be able to create new chemistry when it comes to metal organic frameworks, those are metal ions that are positively charged with organic linkers to be able to effectively create a sponge with 0.33nm pores to capture water from air and also to capture carbon dioxide. The second story has also to do with AI accelerated by Nvidia and with models like Groq, which is Nanopalm, which is effectively creating a nanorobot 500nm by 1000nm to be able to do gene editing, leveraging the CRISPR technology to take out sickle cell disease. Now, in both these instances, they originated 20 years ago in research, but AI was able to really accelerate the outcomes and the outputs such that we can move into new value pools. So I think with every technological trend, humanity is going to always manage to shift to new value pools when it comes to workforce and productivity. But we have some great announcements to talk about here today. Let's begin with you, Elon. The things that we're doing with Xai.
Elon Musk
Yeah, we're excited to announce that we're doing a 500 megawatt. I mean, yeah, 500.
Jensen Huang
Sorry, 500 megawatt.
Elon Musk
500 megawatt. Yeah,
Moderator
we're doing 500.
Elon Musk
Sorry, yeah, yeah, yeah, 500 gigawatt one. I have to wait. So that'll be eight bazillion trillion dollars. So yeah, we're doing a XAI and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are doing
Moderator
humane 500 megawatts, starting with 50 megawatts phase one. And we're doing it with Nvidia. Congratulations to the humane team to target team Such a fantastic job, Jensen. I think we're also doing some great announcements this week.
Jensen Huang
We are announcing all kinds of things. Our partnership with Humane is going incredibly well. First of all, we worked together to get this company started and off the ground and just got an incredible customer with Elon. Could you imagine a startup company, approximately $0 billion in revenues, now going to build a data center for Elon? 500 megawatts is gigantic. This company is off the charts right away. In addition to that, we're working. Aws, as you know, is also Congratulations
Moderator
to the humane team with AWS starting with 100 megawatts with a gigawatt ambition and counting.
Jensen Huang
So AWS is also coming to Humane. We're working with Humane on Omniverse Digital Twins. As you know, that AI is not just, well, just agentic AI and chatbots and cognitive AI is incredibly important to the world. But AI applies to everything. Chemicals and proteins and genes and physics and fluid dynamics and particles, and of course, robotics and activation. And. And we created this world called Omniverse, where robots can learn how to be good robots. And it's physically based. It obeys the laws of physics, so robots can learn in these environments. And we're working with Humane to apply Omniverse to all kinds of digital factories and robotics and warehouses and things like that. And so that's another. We're also working in Saudi Arabia to build supercomputers to simulate quantum computers and using our computers to be the controller and the error correction. Quantum error correction requires an enormous amount of computation. And so we're doing a lot of great work there too. So a big partnership with Humane. They're off the charts, off the ground and off the charts at the same time.
Moderator
This is how we walk the talk in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in partnership with the US Yesterday, the President and His Royal Highness announced the AI Strategic framework and partnership. Today, we're going big with Elon and Jensen. So thank you for those opportunities. Now they told me I have time for two last questions. So last night at the dinner, I got a number of questions because it seems that the schedule leaked and everybody was giving me hints about the last two questions I'm going to do. So the first one was for the. You, Elon. And there's a big one for you, Jensen. So prepare for that one. AI in space. Is that possible?
Elon Musk
Yes. If. If civilization continues, which it probably will, then AI in space is inevitable. You know, I always have to, like, preface that. You know, we shouldn't take civilization for granted. We need to make sure to take care to ensure that civilization has an upward arc. I mean, any student of history knows that civilization does not always have an upward arc. And in fact civilizations have life cycles. So hopefully we are in a strong upward arc. I think we are for now. But we don't want to take that for granted or be complacent. But in order to. The way to think of AI in space is that in order to achieve any meaningful percentage of a Kardashev to scale civilization where you're using even a millionth, a millionth of the sun's energy, you must have solar powered AI satellites in deep space. So once you realize, like, once you think in terms of a Kardashev 2 scale civilization, which is what percentage of the sun's energy are you turning it to useful work? Then you, then it becomes obvious that space is overwhelmingly what matters. Overwhelmingly. The sun only receives 1, roughly 1, 2 billionth of the Earth only receives roughly 12 billionth of the Sun's energy. So if you want to have something that is, say, a million times more energy than Earth could possibly, possibly produce, you must go into space. And so this is where it's kind of handy to have a space company, I guess, sell the book Easier to
Jensen Huang
Cool Chips in Space too.
Jensen Huang
Easier to Cool chips in space.
Elon Musk
Yes. There's definitely no water in space. So you're going to have to do something that doesn't involve water.
Jensen Huang
Just hang out.
Elon Musk
Well, you just got to radiate.
Jensen Huang
That's right.
Elon Musk
So my estimate is that actually that, that the cost of, of electricity, like the cost effectiveness of AI in space, will be overwhelmingly better than AI on the ground so far. Long before you exhaust potential energy sources on Earth. Long, long before. Meaning like, I think even perhaps in the four or five year time frame, the lowest cost way to do AI compute will be with solar powered AI satellites. So I'd say not more than five years from now. Wow.
Jensen Huang
And just look at the supercomputers we're building together. Let's say each one of the racks is 2 tons. Out of that 2 tons, 1.95 of it is probably for cooling, right?
Jensen Huang
Just imagine how tiny that little supercomputer is, right? Each one of these GB300 racks and just be a little tiny thing and
Elon Musk
just electricity generation is already becoming a challenge. So if you start doing any kind of scaling for both electricity generation and cooling, you realize, okay, space is incredibly compelling. So like, let's say you wanted to do, I don't know, 2 or 300 gigawatts per year of AI compute. It's very difficult to do that on earth. So the US average electricity usage last time I checked was around 460 gigawatts per year. Average usage. So something like say if you're doing 300 gigawatts a year, that would be like 2/3 of US electricity production per year. Year. There's no way you're building power plants at that level. And if you take it up to say a terawatt per year. Impossible.
Elon Musk
Like you have to do that in space. There, there just is. There just is no way to do a terawatt per year on Earth. And in space you've got continuous solar, you've got, you don't, you actually don't need batteries because it's always sunny in space.
Elon Musk
And the solar panels actually become cheaper because you don't need glass or framing and the cooling is just radiative. So that's why I think that's the dream. Yes, that's the dream.
Moderator
So Jensen, everybody, last night was asking me and I'm mindful it's earnings call for you today. So I'm going to say this delicately. Everybody has been asking me to ask you, are we going to have an AI bubble?
Jensen Huang
That's the last question.
Jensen Huang
all right, let me. Well, let me just tell you what we see. Okay, so, so I think it's really important when you look at what's happening around the world and go back to first principles of what's happening in computer science and computing, there are three things that that's happening. The first thing is that we all know that Moore's Laws run its course and the ability that the amount of demand for computing versus the amount of computation we can get out of general purpose computing is really challenging. And so the world's been moving to accelerated computing for some time. We've been pushing this now for some over 20 years. Let me give you one statistic. I was just at supercomputing six years ago, CPUs were 90% of the world's supercomputers, top 500 supercomputers six years ago. This year, less than 15% went from 90% to 10%. And meanwhile, accelerated computing went from the other way, 10% to now 90%. Okay, so you're seeing that inflection point, the transition in high performance computing from general purpose computing to accelerated compute. Well, one of the, one of the most data intensive, one of the most intensive computation things that the world does in cloud is data processing. Several hundred billion dollars of Computation is done on just raw data processing. Had nothing to do with AI, just SQL processing. Data frames, you know, everybody's names, address, their sex, their age, where they live, you know, how much money they make. All of that sits into a data frame. And that data frame drives the world today, whether it's in banking or you know, whether it's in credit cards or of course e commerce. And everything from ad recommendation and everything is driven off of that data frame. That data frame costs hundreds of billions of dollars to go computer. And so that's the number one thing end of moore's law. The second thing is generative AI. The most important application of the last 15 years is called Rexis Recommender Systems. How do we know what information to recommend to us in a social feed? How do you know what ad to recommend to somebody, what book to recommend, what movie to recommend? The world is. The Internet is so gigantic without a recommender system that that little tiny of us will have no chance I've ever seen the right information. That Rexis is the engine of the Internet today that's going generative AI. It used to be running on CPUs, now it runs on GPUs, which then says the third thing when if you just look at those two applications, many of the Internet companies can build enormous number of GPU supercomputers just doing that. Of course the it creates this, the third opportunity on top of it, which is agentic AI. This is Grok and this is OpenAI. This is anthropic, you know, this is Gemini. Agentic AI sits on top of that. But don't, you know, don't forget to think about what is happening above. Underneath what everybody sees as AI today, there's a whole movement of computing from general purpose computing to accelerated computing. And that if you just, if you take that into consideration, you'll come to the conclusion that in fact what is left over to fuel that revolutionary agentic AI is not only substantially less than you thought and all of it justified.
Moderator
Well, I was just informed by the team that my boss and your bosses is going to talk next. The honorable President and his Royal Highness the Crown Prince. And hence we ran out of time. But in essence, this is such so much love for you, Elon and Jensen. But this in essence is a 92 alliance that shifted from energy to digital to the intelligence age. Powered by pioneers such as Elon and Jensen to serve humanity and create on a net, new basis, new economies, new jobs and a better future for humanity. Powered by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States, thank you for a lifetime partnership and friendship. Thank you, Elon. Thank you, Jensen.